دکتر علی قربانیعمران و پروژه2676-511X8620260823Formulating Strategic Mission and Vision Pillars for Sustainable Urban Transportation Through Comparative Analysis of International Transportation Strategies: A Case Study of the Tehran Municipality Transportation and Traffic OrganizationFormulating Strategic Mission and Vision Pillars for Sustainable Urban Transportation Through Comparative Analysis of International Transportation Strategies: A Case Study of the Tehran Municipality Transportation and Traffic Organization113124546210.22034/cpj.2026.585611.1450FAعلیبزرگی برزیدانشجوی مدیریت کسب و کار گرایش مالی، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهرانآریانوریدانشجوی دکتری عمران، گرایش راه و ترابری، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران ایرانمحمدرضاخاکبازدانشجوی دکتری راه و ترابری، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران0009-0003-2460-5602Journal Article20260508Developing a clear strategic vision is essential for transportation organizations aiming to effectively address contemporary urban mobility challenges, including traffic congestion, air pollution, safety concerns, unequal access to transportation services, and rapid technological change, all of which highlight the need for long-term and adaptive strategic planning. This study seeks to identify the key mission and vision pillars for the future development of the Tehran Municipality Transportation and Traffic Organization through a qualitative comparative approach based on strategic benchmarking and content analysis of transportation policy documents from fifteen cities and countries across different regions. Mission statements, vision statements, and organizational values were systematically examined using thematic coding to extract recurring strategic priorities and orientations. The findings indicate that, despite contextual differences, transportation organizations consistently emphasize environmental sustainability, safety, accessibility and social equity, quality of life, operational efficiency, resilience, stakeholder engagement, and technological innovation, reflecting a broader shift from infrastructure-centric planning toward integrated, people-oriented, and sustainability-driven approaches. Based on this comparative analysis, five strategic pillars are proposed for the Tehran Municipality Transportation and Traffic Organization, namely environmental sustainability, equitable accessibility, safety and public health, smart mobility and innovation, and efficient and resilient transportation systems, which together provide a foundation for future mission and vision development and support alignment with contemporary international transportation planning practices.Developing a clear strategic vision is essential for transportation organizations aiming to effectively address contemporary urban mobility challenges, including traffic congestion, air pollution, safety concerns, unequal access to transportation services, and rapid technological change, all of which highlight the need for long-term and adaptive strategic planning. This study seeks to identify the key mission and vision pillars for the future development of the Tehran Municipality Transportation and Traffic Organization through a qualitative comparative approach based on strategic benchmarking and content analysis of transportation policy documents from fifteen cities and countries across different regions. Mission statements, vision statements, and organizational values were systematically examined using thematic coding to extract recurring strategic priorities and orientations. The findings indicate that, despite contextual differences, transportation organizations consistently emphasize environmental sustainability, safety, accessibility and social equity, quality of life, operational efficiency, resilience, stakeholder engagement, and technological innovation, reflecting a broader shift from infrastructure-centric planning toward integrated, people-oriented, and sustainability-driven approaches. Based on this comparative analysis, five strategic pillars are proposed for the Tehran Municipality Transportation and Traffic Organization, namely environmental sustainability, equitable accessibility, safety and public health, smart mobility and innovation, and efficient and resilient transportation systems, which together provide a foundation for future mission and vision development and support alignment with contemporary international transportation planning practices.https://www.cpjournals.com/article_245462_a66ace8b750c0ce3cb6674330217ce26.pdfدکتر علی قربانیعمران و پروژه2676-511X8620260823The Impact of Leadership Practices on the Success of Sustainable Construction Projects: Empirical Evidence from Iran’s Construction Industryتأثیر شیوههای رهبری بر موفقیت پروژههای ساخت پایدار: شواهد تجربی از صنعت ساخت ایران325524277010.22034/cpj.2026.579589.1438FAمحمدحسینمرادی جو- کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت پروژه و ساخت، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران،0009-0005-9353-2747Journal ArticleBased on the growing significance of sustainable construction in the realization of sustainable development goals, this study investigates the perceived relationship between leadership practices and the success of sustainable construction projects in Iran. Adopting a mixed‐methods design and a cross‑sectional survey of leaders and professionals involved in construction projects in Tehran, data were collected using a structured questionnaire grounded in the Four‑Factor Leadership Model and analyzed through descriptive statistics, the Friedman test, correlation analysis, and simple linear regression. In addition, thematic content analysis was employed to identify key environmental and organizational challenges. The empirical results indicate that the most critical project management challenges in sustainable construction include managing remote and geographically dispersed teams, maintaining team cohesion, and addressing delays and cost overruns. In the Iranian context, traditional project success criteria (cost, time, and quality) remain predominant, while sustainability‑related performance indicators receive only moderate attention. With respect to leadership practices, “effective communication,” “clear goal setting,” and “leading by example” emerged as the most salient behaviors, whereas “building and developing stakeholder relationships” was ranked lowest in importance, suggesting cultural and organizational specificities relative to findings reported in some international studies. Regression analysis confirms that the perceived importance attributed to leadership practices constitutes a significant predictor of perceived project success in sustainable construction. By offering novel empirical evidence from Iran, this study underscores the critical role of enhancing communication, motivational, goal‑setting, and visionary competencies in leadership development programs. It further highlights the need to adapt leadership approaches to evolving working conditions particularly the management of distributed teams and to broaden the adoption of digital technologies in project management processes.با توجه به اهمیت روزافزون پروژههای ساخت پایدار در تحقق اهداف توسعه پایدار، این پژوهش به بررسی رابطه ادراکشده بین شیوههای رهبری و موفقیت پروژههای ساخت پایدار در ایران میپردازد. با استفاده از رویکرد کمّی–کیفی و پیمایش مقطعی میان رهبران و متخصصان فعال در پروژههای ساختمانی تهران، دادهها از طریق پرسشنامهای مبتنی بر چارچوب شیوههای رهبری چهارگانه گردآوری و با آمار توصیفی، آزمون فریدمن، همبستگی و رگرسیون خطی ساده تحلیل شد؛ همچنین برای شناسایی چالشهای محیطی و سازمانی، تحلیل محتوای تماتیک به کار رفت. یافتهها نشان داد مهمترین چالشهای مدیریت پروژه، مدیریت تیمهای غیرحضوری یا پراکنده، حفظ انسجام تیم و مدیریت تأخیرها و افزایش هزینههاست. در بستر ساختوساز پایدار ایران، معیارهای سنتی موفقیت (هزینه، زمان، کیفیت) همچنان غالب بوده و شاخصهای پایداری در سطح متوسطی موردتوجه قرار گرفتهاند. در حوزه رهبری، ارتباطات مؤثر، تعیین اهداف روشن و رهبری با الگو بودن مهمترین شیوهها ایجاد و توسعه روابط با ذینفعان کماهمیتترین مورد شناسایی شد که بیانگر تفاوتهای فرهنگی و سازمانی با برخی مطالعات بینالمللی است. نتایج رگرسیون نشان داد اهمیت ادراکشده شیوههای رهبری پیشبینیکننده معنادار موفقیت ادراکشده پروژه است. این پژوهش با ارائه شواهد تجربی از ایران، بر اهمیت توسعه مهارتهای ارتباطی، انگیزشی، هدفگذاری روشن و ایجاد چشمانداز در برنامههای آموزش رهبری، و ضرورت تطبیق استراتژیهای رهبری با شرایط جدید کاری و گسترش استفاده از فناوریهای دیجیتال در مدیریت پروژه تأکید میکند.https://www.cpjournals.com/article_242770_d161d5fd564009c42ea41d85ad3c7e96.pdfدکتر علی قربانیعمران و پروژه2676-511X8620260823Identification and Prioritization of Deep Excavation Risks in Tehran via Structural Equation Methodشناسایی و اولویت بندی ریسک های گودبرداری عمیق در شهر تهران با روش معادلات ساختاری567824586610.22034/cpj.2026.586591.1452FAمحمدرضانادریدانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده مهندسی و مدیریت ساخت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات، تهران، ایران0009-0003-4711-8831مجیدصافحیاناستادیار، دانشکده مهندسی و مدیریت ساخت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات، تهران، ایران0000-0003-1023-3898Journal Article20260514Nowadays due to the population expansion, buildings are constructed with more depths, in order to compensate the limitation in increasing the area. During deep excavation, a vast amount of soil is removed from the ground. Considering the nature of the soil, the more depth excavated, the more tendencies would be to replace the empty space, and what happens, may act as a trigger for adjacent walls to collapse. Unfortunately, this type of accident causes high rates of annual morbidities and financial loss. To prevent such calamities, it appears to be a necessity to identify contributed risk factors and the efficacy of supportive preparations in case of deep excavations.<br><br>In this research, after investigating previous related studies, a 27-question questionnaire was designed, using the Likert model. Questions were deducted from different risk factors of deep excavation to fit into eight categorizes including Geotechnics, Design, Management, Environment, Economic, Time, Laws, and Stability. The questionnaire was then completed by 137 individuals, and analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM), via Lisrel application.<br><br>Based on the attained results, amongst several factors, the "Design" was considered to play the most important role in stabilizing the deep excavation. The quality of the materials used for stabilizing the deep excavation, had the highest level of importance upon related questions of the "Design" factor. Geotechnical factors, Time, Management, Environmental and Economic issues, took next stages. At last, the depth of the excavation and the stabilization method highlighted lower importances.<br><br>In conclusion, by considering the importance of risk factors in deep excavations and stabilization methods, a brighter future with fewer rates of constructional accidents is promised.گسترش ساختوسازهای شهری، محدودیت توسعه مساحت شهر تهران و نیاز به بهرهبرداری از فضاهای زیرسطحی، موجب افزایش اجرای گودبرداریهای عمیق در سالهای اخیر شده است. با افزایش عمق گودبرداری، احتمال ناپایداری دیوارهها و بروز خسارات جانی و مالی ناشی از ریزش گود افزایش مییابد؛ از اینرو شناسایی و اولویتبندی عوامل مؤثر بر کاهش ریسک این پروژهها از اهمیت ویژهای برخوردار است. هدف این پژوهش، شناسایی و رتبهبندی مهمترین عوامل مؤثر بر ریسک گودبرداریهای عمیق در شهر تهران با استفاده از مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری است. در این راستا، پس از بررسی مطالعات پیشین و شناسایی عوامل اثرگذار، پرسشنامهای مشتمل بر 27 سؤال در قالب هشت گروه ریسک شامل عوامل ژئوتکنیکی، طراحی، مدیریتی، محیطی، اقتصادی، زمانی، قانونی و پایدارسازی تدوین شد. دادههای پژوهش از طریق تکمیل پرسشنامه توسط 137 نفر از متخصصان و فعالان حوزه ساختوساز جمعآوری گردید. سپس دادهها با استفاده از نرمافزار لیزرل و روش مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری مورد تجزیهوتحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد عامل طراحی بیشترین تأثیر را بر کاهش ریسک و افزایش پایداری گودهای عمیق دارد. پس از آن، عوامل ژئوتکنیکی، زمانی، مدیریتی، محیطی و اقتصادی در رتبههای بعدی قرار گرفتند. همچنین در میان شاخصهای مرتبط با طراحی، کیفیت مصالح مورد استفاده در سازه نگهبان مهمترین عامل مؤثر بر پایداری گود شناخته شد. یافتههای پژوهش بیانگر آن است که تمرکز بر بهبود فرآیند طراحی، کنترل کیفیت مصالح و توجه به شرایط ژئوتکنیکی میتواند نقش مؤثری در کاهش حوادث ناشی از گودبرداریهای عمیق ایفا کند.https://www.cpjournals.com/article_245866_92d2a00706a91fa408c522902c9b6663.pdfدکتر علی قربانیعمران و پروژه2676-511X8620260823Application of Hub Number in Optimal Design of Urban Infrastructure Networks: A Graph-Theoretic Approach for Control Point PlacementApplication of Hub Number in Optimal Design of Urban Infrastructure Networks: A Graph-Theoretic Approach for Control Point Placement798525072710.22034/cpj.2026.596889.1466FAعذراناصریانگروه ریاضی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران0009-0005-6774-5466مهدیعینیگروه ریاضی،دانشگاه پیام نور،تهران،ایرانJournal Article20260611The efficient placement of control points (sensors, monitoring stations, valves, or traffic controllers) in urban infrastructure networks is a fundamental problem in civil engineering. This paper introduces the graph-theoretic concept of the hub number as a mathematical tool for modeling and optimizing such placements. A hub set in a graph is a vertex subset such that every pair of vertices outside the set is connected by a path whose internal vertices all lie in the set; the hub number h(G) is the minimum cardinality of such a set. We focus on grid graphs G_{m,n\ }=P_m □ P_n, which serve as idealized models of regular urban street networks and pipeline systems. Drawing on established results for the hub numbers of Cartesian products of paths, we present exact values and upper bounds for several families of grid graphs and interpret them in engineering terms. A hypothetical case study on rectangular grid networks demonstrates how the hub number provides lower bounds on the number of control points required to guarantee network-wide path-mediated connectivity. Comparisons with classical domination parameters highlight the usefulness of the hub-set approach. The results offer civil engineers a rigorous criterion for the preliminary design of monitoring and control systems in grid-like urban infrastructures.The efficient placement of control points (sensors, monitoring stations, valves, or traffic controllers) in urban infrastructure networks is a fundamental problem in civil engineering. This paper introduces the graph-theoretic concept of the hub number as a mathematical tool for modeling and optimizing such placements. A hub set in a graph is a vertex subset such that every pair of vertices outside the set is connected by a path whose internal vertices all lie in the set; the hub number h(G) is the minimum cardinality of such a set. We focus on grid graphs G_{m,n\ }=P_m □ P_n, which serve as idealized models of regular urban street networks and pipeline systems. Drawing on established results for the hub numbers of Cartesian products of paths, we present exact values and upper bounds for several families of grid graphs and interpret them in engineering terms. A hypothetical case study on rectangular grid networks demonstrates how the hub number provides lower bounds on the number of control points required to guarantee network-wide path-mediated connectivity. Comparisons with classical domination parameters highlight the usefulness of the hub-set approach. The results offer civil engineers a rigorous criterion for the preliminary design of monitoring and control systems in grid-like urban infrastructures.https://www.cpjournals.com/article_250727_716510f3994beba3885b11536fbeb1a0.pdf