Today, the global community is facing two fundamental phenomena: global warming and climate change, both of which result from greenhouse gas emissions. Studies show that buildings and the construction industry play a major role in creating these conditions. Therefore, the risks arising from these conditions have led to an emphasis on designing and planning to achieve environmentally friendly buildings that adhere to sustainability principles. In this context, the present study aims to assess and compare the embodied carbon of selected materials during the retrofitting and rehabilitation of educational buildings based on the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology and sustainable development. In this research, using BIM technology, an educational building was simulated in Revit software. By extracting the dimensions and quantities of materials used for proposed models with different construction materials, the cost of each model and the amount of embodied carbon emissions were analyzed and compared. The results indicate that, in general, compared to the model retrofitted with the same materials as the existing model, retrofitting with conventional materials results in 15.08% less embodied carbon, retrofitting with modern materials results in 35.71% less embodied carbon, and retrofitting with traditional materials results in 82.49% less embodied carbon. Therefore, retrofitting using traditional materials significantly reduces the embodied carbon of a building. This method of retrofitting, in terms of sustainable development environmental indicators and cost savings, is the most suitable method for the studied building with an educational function.