Structures during construction and operation phases may be affected by various factors such as earthquakes, wind, penetration of harmful ions, and adverse environmental conditions. These factors can lead to a decrease in the quality and service life of structures. Although the emergence of highly durable engineering materials and recent advances in structural design theories have made it possible to construct more efficient engineering structures, acquiring a proper understanding of structural health, identifying and timely addressing failures, and preventing their collapse, have always been the focus of researchers. Therefore, laboratory controls are particularly crucial in evaluating structures' performance, safety, durability, and stability. The Electromechanical Impedance (EMI) method, based on piezoelectric materials, as a novel and non-destructive testing (NDT) technique, evaluates changes occurring in the electromechanical impedance of structures as an indicator for identifying faults. In this technique, electromechanical admittance, due to the structural interaction between the piezoelectric transducer and the host sample, is measured as the inverse function of impedance under high-frequency structural excitations and the presence of an electric field. This article provides a comprehensive review of the application of the Electromechanical Impedance (EMI) method in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). It emphasizes the importance of this method in detecting and predicting faults, while also addressing some of the research challenges. Moreover, it provides an inspiring foundation for future studies.