The construction industry, despite advances in modern technologies, still ranks among high risk sectors in terms of safety indicators. In recent years, Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the Internet of Things (IoT) have been introduced as transformative tools in safety management; however, existing studies have mainly focused on the isolated applications of these technologies, and the systemic impact of their integration on the formation and strengthening of safety culture has been less examined from a systems perspective. To address this gap, the present research proposes a dynamic modeling framework based on Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM) to analyze the causal and feedback relationships between the benefits of BIM–IoT integration and the components of construction safety culture. In this study, fourteen key benefits derived from the integration of BIM and IoT and sixteen safety culture components across three dimensions psychological, organizational, and behavioral were identified and structured within an integrated causal model. To capture the system dynamics, beyond direct relationships, reinforcing feedback loops and indirect effects were investigated through dynamic simulation under six analytical scenarios. Moreover, by employing incremental analysis within the FCM framework, the strength of causal pathways and the degree of amplification of indirect effects were quantitatively assessed. The results indicate that benefits such as support for compliance with safety regulations, real time decision making, and improved safety inspections have the strongest direct impact on enhancing safety culture. In contrast, components such as hazard visualization, safety training, and near miss reporting primarily contribute to strengthening safety culture through feedback mechanisms. The findings also highlight the pivotal role of the “proactive safety management” and “safety communication” clusters in sustaining safety culture. By offering a systemic and dynamic approach, this study provides an analytical framework for forecasting and prioritizing technological interventions in safety management for construction projects.