[1] P. Acker, M. Behloul, DUCTAL_technology: a large spectrum of properties, a wide range
of applications, in: First International Symposium on Ultra High Performance Concrete,
Kasesel, Germany, 2004
Bazrgary, R., Ziyadidegan, S., & Bahmanzadeh, M. (2023). Investigating the effect of nano-silica and micro-silica on the
mechanical characteristics of high strength concrete. Civil and Project, 5(8), 11-25. doi: 10.22034/cpj.2023.425498.1232
21`
[2] M. Rebentrost, G.W. Experience and applications of Ultra-high performance concrete in
Asia, in: Second International Symposium on Ultra High Performance Concrete, Kassel,
Germany, 2008.
[3] M.S. Fehling, S. Stürwald (Eds.), The Third International Symposium on Ultra High
Performance Concrete and Nanotechnology for High Performance Construction Materials,
Kassel University Press, Kassel, Germany, 2012.
[4] S. Zhao, W. Sun, Nano-mechanical behavior of a green ultra-high performanceconcrete,
Constr. Build. Mater. 63 (2014) 150–160.
[5] B.A. Graybeal, Characterization of the behavior of ultra-high performanceconcrete (Ph.D.
thesis), University of Maryland, USA, 2005.
[6] N. Tue, M. Orgass, J. Ma, Influence of addition method of superplasticizer on the
properties of fresh UHPC, in: Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on ultra high
performance concrete, Kassel (Germany), 2008, pp. 93–100.
[7] J. Smith, G. Cusatis, D. Pelessone, E. Landis, J. O’Daniel, J. Baylot, Discrete modeling of
ultra-high-performance concrete with application to projectile penetration, Int. J. Impact Eng.
65 (2014) 13–32.
[8] Ch. Schröfl, M. Gruber, J. Plank, Preferential adsorption of polycarboxylate
superplasticizers on cement and silica fume in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), Cem.
Concr. Res. 42 (2012) 1401–1408.
[9] G. Quercia, G. Hüsken, H.J.H. Brouwers, Water demand of amorphous nano silica and its
impact on the workability of cement paste, Cem. Concr. Res. 42 (2012) 344–357.
[10] A. Dunster, Silica Fume in Concrete, Information Paper N IP 5/09, IHS BRE Press,
Garston, UK, 2009. pp. 1–12.
[11] F. Sanchez, K. Sobolev, Nanotechnology in concrete – a review, Constr. Build. Mater. 24
(11) (2010) 2060–2071.
[12] F. Taheri-Behrooz, B. Memar Maher, M.M. Shokrieh, Mechanical properties
modification of a thin film phenolic resin filled with nano silica particles, Comput. Mater. Sci.
96 (2015) 411–415.
Bazrgary, R., Ziyadidegan, S., & Bahmanzadeh, M. (2023). Investigating the effect of nano-silica and micro-silica on the
mechanical characteristics of high strength concrete. Civil and Project, 5(8), 11-25. doi: 10.22034/cpj.2023.425498.1232
22`
[13] H. Du, S. Du, X. Liu, Durability performances of concrete with nano-silica, Constr.
Build. Mater. 73 (2014) 705–712.
[14] M. Aly, M.S.J. Hashmi, A.G. Olabi, M. Messeiry, E.F. Abadir, A.I. Hussain, Effect of
colloidal nano-silica on the mechanical and physical behaviour of waste-glass cement mortar,
Mater. Des. 33 (2012) 127–135.
[15] M. Oltulu, R. Sahin, Pore structure analysis of hardened cement mortars containing silica
fume and different nano-powders, Constr. Build. Mater. 53 (2014) 658–664.
[16] K. Sobolev, I. Flores, L.M. Torres-Martinez, P.L. Valdez, E. Zarazua, E.L. Cuellar,
Engineering of SiO2 nanoparticles for optimal performance in nano cement based materials,
in: Nanotechnology in Construction: Proceedings of the NICOM3 (3rd International
Symposium on Nanotechnology in Construction). Prague, Czech Republic, 2009, pp. 139–
148.
[17] S.I. Zaki, S. Ragab Khaled, How nanotechnology can change concrete industry, in: 1st
International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment Infrastructures in Developing
Countries, ISSN 2170–0095, Oran, Algeria, 12– 14 October, 2009, vol. 1, pp. 407–414.
[18] M.A. Safan et al., Compressive strength of Portland cement pastes and mortars
containing Cu–Zn nano-ferrite, Int. J. Nano Dimension 3 (2) (2012) 91–100. [19] H. Du, S.D.
Pang, Effect of colloidal nano-silica on the mechanical and durability performances of mortar,
Key Eng. Mater. 629 (2014) 443–448.
[20] A. Nazari, S. Riahi, The effects of SiO2 nanoparticles on physical and mechanical
properties of high strength compacting concrete, Compos. Eng. 42 (3) (2011) 570–578.
[21] L. Senff, D. Hotza, S. Lucas, V.M. Ferreira, J.A. Labrincha, Effect of nano-SiO2 and
nano-TiO2 addition on the rheological behavior and the hardened properties of cement
mortars, Mater. Sci. Eng., A 532 (2012) 354–361.
[22] M. Ltifi, A. Guefrech, P. Mounanga, A. Khelidj, Experimental study of the effect of
addition of nano-silica on the behaviour of cement mortars, Procedia Eng 10 (2011) 900–905.
[23] P. Hosseini, A. Booshehrian, A. Madari, Developing concrete recycling strategies by
utilization of nano-SiO2 particles, Waste Biomass Valor 2 (3) (2011) 347–355.
Bazrgary, R., Ziyadidegan, S., & Bahmanzadeh, M. (2023). Investigating the effect of nano-silica and micro-silica on the
mechanical characteristics of high strength concrete. Civil and Project, 5(8), 11-25. doi: 10.22034/cpj.2023.425498.1232
23`
[24] R. Abbas, Influence of nano-silica addition on properties of conventional and ultra-high
performance concretes, HBRC J 5 (1) (2009) 18–30.
[25] Zh. Rong, W. Sun, H. Xiao, G. Jiang, Effects of nano-SiO2 particles on the mechanical
and microstructural properties of ultra-high performance cementitious composites, Cem.
Concr. Compos. 56 (2015) 25–31.
[26] R. Yu, P. Spiesz, H.J.H. Brouwers, Effect of nano-silica on the hydration and
microstructure development of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) with a low binder
amount, Constr. Build. Mater. 65 (2014) 140–150.
[27] K. Wille, A.E. Naaman, Effect of Ultra-high-performance concrete on pullout behavior
of high-strength brass-coated straight steel fibers, ACI Mater. J. 110 (4) (2013).
[28] TS EN 197-1, Cement- Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for
common cements, Turkish Standards, 2002.
[29] ASTM C494/C494M-13, Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete,
ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2013. <www.astm. org>.
[30] ASTM C39, Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete
specimens, in: Annual Book of ASTM Standard, 2012.
31] ASTM C496, Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete
specimens, in: Annual Book of ASTM Standard, 2011.
[32] ASTM C469, Standard test method for static modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of
concrete in compression, in: Annual Book of ASTM Standard, 2010.
[33] A. Hillerborg, Concrete fracture energy tests performed by 9 different laboratories
according to a draft RILEM recommendation. Lund Sweden, Report to RILEM TC50-FMC,
Report TVMB-3015, 1983.
[34] RILEM 50-FMC. Committee of fracture mechanics of concrete, Determination of
fracture energy of mortar and concrete by means of three-point bend tests on notched beams,
Mater. Struct. 18 (106) (1985) 285–290.
[35] K.D. Ravindra, N.A. Henderson, Specialist Techniques and Materials for Concrete
Production, Thomas Telford Publishing, Thomas Telford Ltd, 1999.
Bazrgary, R., Ziyadidegan, S., & Bahmanzadeh, M. (2023). Investigating the effect of nano-silica and micro-silica on the
mechanical characteristics of high strength concrete. Civil and Project, 5(8), 11-25. doi: 10.22034/cpj.2023.425498.1232
24`
[36] B. Akcay, A.S. Agar Ozbek, F. Bayramov, H.N. Atahan, C. Sengul, M.A. Tasdemir,
Interpretation of aggregate volume fraction effects on fracture behavior of concrete, Constr.
Build. Mater. 28 (2012) 437–443.
[37] A. Hillerborg, Theoretical basis of method to determine fracture energy GF of concrete,
Mater. Struct. 18 (1985) 291–296.
[38] H. Pengkun, Q. Jueshi, C. Xin, P.S. Surendra, Effects of the pozzolanic reactivity of
nanoSiO2 on cement-based materials, Cem. Concr. Compos. 55 (2015) 250– 258.
[39] H. Madani, A. Bagheri, T. Parhizkar, The pozzolanic reactivity of monodispersed
nanosilica hydrosols and their influence on the hydration characteristics of Portland cement,
Cem. Concr. Res. 42 (2012) 1563–1570.
[40] B. Jo, C.H. Kim, Gh. Tae, J.B. Park, Characteristics of cement mortar with nano- SiO2
particles, Constr. Build. Mater. 21 (2007) 1351–1355.
[41] A. Pourjavadi, S.M. Fakoorpoor, A. Khaloo, P. Hosseini, Improving the performance of
cement-based composites containing superabsorbent polymers by utilization of nano-SiO2
particles, Mater. Des. 42 (2012) 94–101.
[42] G. Quercia, P. Spiesz, G. Husken, J. Brouwers, Effects of amorphous nano-silica
additions on mechanical and durability performance of SCC mixtures, in: Proc. International
Congress on Durability of Concrete, 2012.
[43] L. Senff, D. Hotza, W.L. Repette, V.M. Ferreira, J.A. Labrincha, Influence of added
nanosilica and/or silica fume on fresh and hardened properties of mortars and cement pastes,
Adv. Appl. Ceram. 108 (7) (2009) 418–428.
[44] E. Ghafari, H. Costa, E. Júlio, et al., The effect of nanosilica addition on flowability,
strength and transport properties of ultra high performance concrete, Mater. Des. 59 (2014) 1–
9.
45] R.F. Feldman, J.J. Beaudoin, Microstructure and strength of hydrated cement, Cem.
Concr. Res. 6 (1976) 389–400.
[46] N. Banthia, Fiber Reinforced Concrete, ACI SP-142ACI, Detroit, MI, 1994. pp. 91–119.
Bazrgary, R., Ziyadidegan, S., & Bahmanzadeh, M. (2023). Investigating the effect of nano-silica and micro-silica on the
mechanical characteristics of high strength concrete. Civil and Project, 5(8), 11-25. doi: 10.22034/cpj.2023.425498.1232
25`
[47] P.F. Torgal, S. Miraldo, Y. Ding, J.A. Labrincha, Targeting HPC with the help of
nanoparticles: an overview, Constr. Build. Mater. 38 (2013) 365–370.
[48] A.M. Said, M.S. Zeidan, M.T. Bassuoni, Y. Tian, Properties of concrete incorporating
nano-silica, Constr. Build. Mater. 36 (2012) 838–844.
[49] B.B. Mukharjee, S.V. Barai, Influence of nano-silica on the properties of recycled
aggregate concrete, Constr. Build. Mater. 55 (2014) 29–37.
[50] O. Gencel, W. Brostow, T. Datashvili, M. Thedford, Workability and mechanical
performance of steel fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete with fly ash, Compos.
Interfaces 18 (2) (2011) 169–184.
[51] Saloma et al., Experimental investigation on nanomaterial concrete, Int. J. Civ. Environ.
Eng. 13 (03) (2013) 15–20.
[52] M. Amin, K. Abu el-hassan, Effect of using different types of nano materials on
mechanical properties of high strength concrete, Constr. Build. Mater. 80 (2015) 116–124.
[53] R. Yu, P. Tang, P. Spiesz, H.J.H. Brouwers, A study of multiple effects of nanosilica and
hybrid fibres on the properties of ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC)
incorporating waste bottom ash (WBA, Constr. Build. Mater. 60 (2014) 98–110.
[54] M.H.A. Beygi, M.T. Kazemi, I.M. Nikbin, J.V. Amiri, The effect of water to cement
[55] Bazrgary, R., Seilany, A., Ziyadidegan, S., Shojaei, S. A. (2023). 'Investigation of
Progressive Collapse in Cable-stayed Bridges', Civil and Project, 5(7), pp. 11-37. doi:
10.22034/cpj.2023.421720.1228
[56] Gholamveisy, Soma, et al. “A Hybrid GRA-VIKOR Approach for Prioritization of Sales
Management Outsourcing Risks (Case : Energy Company).” Remittances Review,
8(4),June 2023, pp. 3214–3245. doi:10.33182/rr.v8i4.222