اعتبار،چابکی،پاسخگویی

Analyzing Factors Influencing the Discharge Coefficient of Morning Glory Spillways Using Artificial Neural Networks: A Case Study of San Luis Dam, USA

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ‌‌واحد سپیدان، فارس، ‌ایران

2 استادیار، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ‌‌واحد بیضاء، فارس، ‌ایران

چکیده
Morning glory spillways are essentially closed conduits typically used to pass floods from higher elevations to lower elevations. These types of spillways are utilized in reservoir dams located in narrow valleys and areas with steep reservoir wall slopes. The advantage of these spillways lies in their relatively high capacity to convey flow with relatively low energy losses. This characteristic makes them highly efficient for flow rates below the design discharge, making them an ideal structure for flood conveyance in scenarios where sufficient time is available for temporary storage in the reservoir to attenuate subsequent flood intensities. In this study, nearly 300 experiments conducted on the physical model of the spillway of San Luis Dam in the USA were reviewed to derive the hydraulic flow parameters, including Froude number and submergence limits. Using dimensional analysis, a more precise formulation for the discharge coefficient was developed, encompassing the effects of the number of steps and vortex breaker types. Subsequently, with the help of an artificial neural network (based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm), the influence and importance of each parameter were evaluated using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as the benchmark. According to the obtained results, the parameter associated with the number of vortex breakers had the most significant impact, with an RMSE value of 2154.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات
Aghamajidi, R. (2009). The simultaneous effect of vortex breaker blades and steps on the hydraulic flow
passing through Nylophery spillways [Doctoral dissertation, Science and Research University of
Khuzestan]. Water Structures Department Repository.
Aghamajidi, R., & Kavianpour, M. R. (2015). Hydraulic performance of morning glory spillways with
vortex breaker modifications. Water Resources Management, 29(4), 1123–1136.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-014-0865-2
Aghamajidi, R., Kavianpour, M. R., & Hassani Nejad, A. (2010). Experimental investigation of vortex
breaker configurations on spillway performance. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 136(8), 567–575.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000217
Aghamajidi, R., & Mousavi Jahromi, S. H. (2019). Experimental study of energy dissipation in morning
glory spillways with stepped shaft configurations. Hydraulic Structures Journal, 5(2), 45–59.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2019.1581102
Aghamajidi, R., & Rostami Raveri, A. (2011). Optimization of spillway design using vortex breakers and
stepped channels. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 27(3), 421–435.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2011.588619
Aghamajidi, R., Rostami Raveri, A., & Hassani Nejad, A. (2017). Numerical analysis of shaft spillway
efficiency using vortex breakers under high flow conditions. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
Engineering, 143(9), Article 04017032. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001205
Ahadian, J. (2014). Sensitivity analysis of factors affecting aeration in spillways using artificial intelligence
methods and ANFIS. Scientific Research Journal of Irrigation and Water Engineering, 5(17), 75–88.
Alavi, S., & Mousavi Jahromi, H. (2014). Laboratory study of the effect of rough channels on the discharge
coefficient in Nylophery spillways. In Proceedings of the National Conference on Water, Human, and
Earth (pp. 1–10). Isfahan, Iran: Isfahan Tourism Developers Company.
Annandale, G. W. (2006). Scour technology: Mechanics and engineering practice. McGraw-Hill.
Bagheri, A., & Youssefvand, F. (2012). Experimental relationship for calculating the discharge coefficient
of flow in Nylophery spillways under drowning conditions. In Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Hydraulic
Conference (pp. 1–10). Urmia, Iran: Iranian Hydraulic Association; University of Urmia.
Bagheri, S., & Yousefvand, S. (2012). Experimental study of discharge coefficient in morning glory
spillways. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 138(5), 461–470. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-
7900.0000538
Bayon, A., Valero, D., García-Bartual, R., & López-Jiménez, P. A. (2016). Performance assessment of
OpenFOAM and FLOW-3D in the numerical modeling of a low Reynolds number hydraulic jump.
Environmental Modelling & Software, 80, 322–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.02.018
Civil and Project Journal, 2025, 7(6), 11-37
Aghamajidi, R. and Vakili, A
https://doi.org/10.22034/cpj.2025.524927.1369
36
Chadwick, A., Morfett, J., & Borthwick, M. (2013). Hydraulics in civil and environmental engineering
(5th ed.). CRC Press.
Chanson, H. (2004). Hydraulics of open channel flow: An introduction (2nd ed.). Elsevier.
Chen, X., Wang, L., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Enhancing spillway efficiency through flow stabilization
techniques. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 147(3), Article 04021005.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001845
Falvey, H. T. (1990). Cavitation in chutes and spillways (Engineering Monograph No. 42). Denver, CO:
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.
Falvey, H. T. (2004). Hydraulic design of labyrinth weirs. Reston, VA: ASCE Press.
Gupta, R., Sharma, P., & Kumar, A. (2023). Sustainable materials for hydraulic infrastructure: Reducing
carbon footprints. Journal of Cleaner Production, 415, Article 137890.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137890
IPCC. (2021). Climate change 2021: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the
Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom:
Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896
Jain, S. K., & Singh, V. P. (2003). Water resources systems planning and management. Elsevier.
Khatsuria, R. M. (2005). Hydraulics of spillways and energy dissipators. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker.
Li, J., Liu, H., & Chen, Q. (2023). Machine learning applications in hydraulic structure optimization. Water
Resources Research, 59(1), Article e2022WR032789. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR032789
Liu, Z., Zhang, X., & Wang, C. (2022). Machine learning for spillway performance prediction.
Environmental Modelling & Software, 149, Article 105321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2021.105321
Mousavi Jahromi, S. H., & Nouhani, S. (2006). Effect of vortex breaker blades on the discharge coefficient
of morning glory spillways. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 44(5), 678–684.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2006.9521712
Nguyen, T., Tran, V., & Pham, H. (2023). Multi-scenario testing for robust coastal numerical models.
Journal of Coastal Research, 39(1), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-22-00034.1
Novak, P., Moffat, A. I. B., Nalluri, C., & Narayanan, R. (2007). Hydraulic structures (4th ed.). London,
United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis.
Park, J. H., Kim, Y. S., & Lee, S. H. (2024). Climate resilience in hydraulic infrastructure design. Journal
of Cleaner Production, 389, Article 136012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136012
Peterka, A. J. (1984). Hydraulic design criteria: Spillways. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Bureau of Reclamation.
Ramazani, S., Kavianpour, M. R., & Hassani Nejad, A. (2013). Study of effective parameters on the flow
passage of Nylophery spillways. In Proceedings of the 7th National Civil Engineering Congress (pp. 1–
10). Zahedan, Iran: Sistan and Baluchestan University.
Civil and Project Journal, 2025, 7(6), 11-37
Aghamajidi, R. and Vakili, A
https://doi.org/10.22034/cpj.2025.524927.1369
37
Rostami Raveri, A., Fattahi, M. H., & Karimi, M. (2011). Study on the effect of vortex breakers on the
performance of multiple Nylophery spillway physical models. In Proceedings of the 1st Regional
Conference on Water Resources Development (pp. 1–10). Abarkooh, Iran: Islamic Azad University of
Abarkooh.
USACE. (1995). Hydraulic design of spillways (Engineer Manual No. 1110-2-1603). Washington, DC:
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
USBR. (1961). Hydraulic model studies of San Luis Forebay Dam Spillway—San Luis Unit—West San
Joaquin Division—Central Valley Project (Report No. Hyd-517). Denver, CO: U.S. Bureau of
Reclamation.
USBR. (2016). Design of small dams (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Vischer, D. L., & Hager, W. H. (1998). Dam hydraulics. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons.
Wang, H., Yang, Q., & Zhao, L. (2023). Long-term performance of hydraulic structures under sediment
loading. Applied Sciences, 13(4), Article 2456. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042456
White, F. M. (2011). Fluid mechanics (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Yang, B., Zhang, J., & Li, X. (2024). Sediment gradation effects on hydraulic structure performance.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 129(2), Article e2023JC020123.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JC020123
Youssefvand, F., & Bagheri, A. (2012). Experimental relationship for calculating the discharge coefficient
of flow in Nylophery spillways under drowning conditions. In Proceedings of the 11th Iranian Hydraulic
Conference (pp. 1–10). Urmia, Iran: Iranian Hydraulic Association; University of Urmia.
Zhang, Q., Zhou, X., & Wang, J. (2022). Optimizing vortex control devices in spillway systems using CFD.
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 148(2), Article 04021015.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000689
Zhao, L., Chen, X., & Wang, J. (2022). Real-time monitoring for adaptive hydraulic designs. Journal of
Hydraulic Research, 60(3), 412–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2021.1985678
  • تاریخ دریافت 30 فروردین 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 06 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 12 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 12 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 شهریور 1404